SSI and SSDI

SSI and SSDI are two federal programs from the Social Security Administration that offer financial assistance to older americans and those living with disabilities. The SSA defines adult disability as “severe impairment that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or more or result in death. The impairment must also significantly limit the applicant’s functional ability and impede their ability to work.” The SSA has a specific listing for what defines “disabled,” and requires one to prove functional limitations to his/her ability to work. This may require some documentation from your health care provider(s).

 

SSI

Supplemental Security Income provides a minimal basic income to older people (65+) and those with disabilities (regardless of age).  In most states, those who qualify for SSI will also qualify for Medicaid. Benefits begin one month after one’s claim is filed or one month after one becomes eligible for SSI (if filed after this time).

 

SSDI

Supplemental Security Disability Income exists for people who have a disability and a qualifying work history, either through their own employment or that of a parent/guardian. In general, those with SSDI are eligible to receive Medicare 24 months after receiving disability payments (except those who have ALS–Medicare begins immediately). In order to qualify under a parent’s work history, the individual must demonstrate that his/her disability started before the age of 22. The parent must also be unable to work either be retired, disabled themselves, or deceased in order for a child to receive this benefit.

Disabled adult children can sometimes qualify for SSI and SSDI after their 18th birthday under the Child Disability Benefit (CDB) if, during their adult life, the individual’s supporting parent leaves the workforce through retirement, disability, or death. In this case, new income from SSDI are exempt from Medicaid asset requirements. Furthermore, after 24 months of receiving SSDI, individuals can obtain both Medicare and Medicaid.

 

Transition issues with SSI and SSDI

Children receiving SSDI or SSI will have a review (a “redetermination”) at the age of 18, when adult disability rules will be applied to determine if the child meets disability and income requirements as an adult. When children are evaluated for disability, they are compared to their age-matched peers. When adults are evaluated, the SSA determines whether the individual can enter the workforce without needing special accommodations. Because of the differences in childhood disability and adult disability, a child receiving SSI or SSDI is not guaranteed to receive these benefits as an adult. Conversely, an individual who was previously ineligible for SSI or SSDI as a child (e.g. their parent’s income was too high) may qualify for these benefits as an adult.

 

Printable Handout: SSI and SSDI Insurance